1
2
  -2023
.. 
 
(     )
: 3     : 60
:             
-
I.           
II.            
-
III.    ?        
IV.    ?        
-
V. (a)    -          
()         
2
2
VI.                
 -
VII.                
       
VIII.          
  -2023
.. 
 
(     )
: 3     : 60
:             
-
I.           
:  :   
   
         -      
 (  , ,   )           
3
2
       -    , 
   
  ,            ,    
,       ,      
 ,         ,      
     , ,    '         
     
   
                
        :
1. 
2.  
3.   (  )
4.  
         
1. :      
                
              
 
 ?
         
,       
   
 
:
          ,      
     '      
     '   
        
 
  :
      (     ,   
)
     (   , , ,  )
4
2
 --    (     ,    
)
2. :       
       ,          
          
 
   
?
   
 
  
          
  -   
:
         ,       :
  (    ,     )
   (, , , )
           
      :
              
  -      - 
   '       ( ,  ,
 )
3.  :   
             
   
?
  
      
     
 
        
:
          - ()   
   ()     ,  -      
  '     ( )
5
2
    :
  --  
    ' -     
   
4.  :       
                  
  
   
?
      
      
  
          
:
      ₹5,000     ,      
                
 ,  
               
       :
           
              
     
         
     
     -     ,    :
1.  - ,             
2.  -          
3.  -           (   
  )
4.   -       
5.  - , , ,       
6
2

                   
    -   , ,       
            ,      
                 
 
II.            
:         
  ,               ,  
  
 ,          ,  
        
            
 ,             
             
              :
1. 
                
    ,       
    , 
           
:      ₹10,000   ,   ₹50,000    
             
               
     -           
  
2.     
            
    
        ,         
 
:             
 ,            
7
2
     ,             
                
3.   
       '      ,   , 
            ,   
 
:    --          
     
         
       
 
4.   
      ,         
             
  :        
 :          
 :      
:             
   ,      
-       
    -     
  
5.   
    ,            
      , ,         
:               
  
     ,   ,      
6.    
       
  ,       
           ,    
   
8
2
:-    ,      ,  
           
    -       
 
7. -  
       ,           
  ,         
:         -     , 
            
                
8.   
  ,             
,  ,    
 
:                ,

          
               
9.     
               
    

:         ,      
    
-                  
10.    
             
 '     ,       
:             , 
              
              
11.   
   -          

             ,      
 
9
2
:5       ,        
 , 
    
 
            
12.     
         ,       
'       ,         , 
        
:      ,      
        
     '         
 

          '     
  , , , ,        
 
     ,       -   
     
       ,    
                '  
  
    ,  -    ,       
              
      
           

-
III.    ?        
:  :   
   ?
    ,            
                
  ,              
             
10
2
 ,        ,      
 ,       ,        
             
    '  , ,          
         ,      
        
   
1.  
 :   ,        
2.  
 :           
3.   
 :       ,     
4.   :        
5.  
 :        
6.   :      
 
7.  
 :   -     
 
 ,         '        
 
        
   
                
            
    - 
     
1.    
                 
      

      
󷃆󼽢 :    ,         (    
        )          
   
2.       
        
         ,  
        
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2
󷃆󼽢 :             

   ,                
   
3.         
                 
            '    
󷃆󼽢 : ,   '       ,    
             
4.       
       
             
  '           
󷃆󼽢 :  
 ,            
        
 
5.   
 , ,             
       
󷃆󼽢 :               
 ,     - 
6.        
                     
 
 
󷃆󼽢 :  ,             
          
7.      
                '   ,
        
󷃆󼽢 :      ,       -
 '         
8.    
                  
󷃆󼽢 :          ,   
              
12
2
9.      
              
         
󷃆󼽢 :     
       
  
    
10.      
                
                  
󷃆󼽢 :      '   ,   5     
          
      
1.  :
o      (     )
o           
o       
2. :
o 
         
o      (     )
3. :
o         
o         
4. :
o     
o   
       
5.   :
o          
o              
13
2

         ,       
         , 
   ,    ,
                
 ,        ,     ,  
    ,           

IV.    ?        
:   :   
-
   , 
         
-       ,    ,      
           ,      
               
 
 
   ?
                
                  
        ,   , , ,    
         ,     
         
 ,        ,     (), -
    (),   '        
      ,     
   
    '         :
1.  
2. -  
                
 
14
2
1.   
            
     ,  
             
    :
1. -                  
             ,  
      ,      ,      
 ,          
2. -    
          ,
     '             , 
      
 
3.               
   ,           
       
4.        , ,     
              
       
5.   --          
       ,       ,
          
6.  -           
         
:                 
        ,   ,       
       
2. -  
-                   
    
-    :
1.  -            ,  :
o - ,           
o   -      ,   ,    
,         
15
2
o -     , ,  
o    - ,         
   
2.  -          ,  :
o  - ,          
o   -    ,   
o  -     ,      
o  - ,         
  
3.  -            
 ,
 :
o    -     
o    - ,       
      
o  - ,  ,        
 
4.   -     
       ,  :
o   -   
o   -        
o      -         
,  ,   
:      -    '    ,
                 
- -      
   
             
1.     ,     ,       
      ,      '  
  ,           
2. --     '     ,   
     
        
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3.     -              
             
   
4.     -   -    ,    
 ' -             ,  
 -  -    '     
5.              ,  
   
,             

 ,   -    
6.   -          
       ,          
     
7.    -         
  
            
          

            
  
                 ,
,        ,        
  
              -   
      ,           
 ,          ,        
   ,         
 
 ,                
             
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-
V. (a)    -          
()         
:  :     
              ,  ,    
          '    
     -  
 ,        -        
  
   
        :
1. 
o       
o    (   )    
o              
o     ()         
2.  ()
o         ()   
o   
              (
   )
3.   ()
o            
o   (     )      
 
 
4. 
o  J-          
o       (HCl)      

o          
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5.  
o  ,            
o    :
-  ()          

 
 - ,         
-     
6.  
o            - () 
 
o          
7.   
o  -   
o         -    
   
   -      , 
      
 
     :
  ,       ,       

 
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()         
:   :    
        ,         :   
      
1.  
      '           
 
     
 
   
  
o  ,        
o         
  
o             
o   -        
    
o   (  ) 
    
o         
 
:
                
    ,           
2.  
               
      
   
1.  
o        ,      
o :            
 
     
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2.  
o    (HCl)   ( -  )  
o          
3.   
o             
o               ( 
      )
o   ,         
o :    ,          

4.    
o   ,  ( ),   ( ),   
( )               
o           -   


       

 
 

   
      
    
 (),  (), 
()
 (),  ( ),  
()
  
      

     

 
     

                 
      , , ,       ,  
   
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      :
  (, , )    '   
 
  (,   , )        
   
     ,   , 
    -  
      ,          
,                 
VI.                
:     
                  , 
     ,     -  
           , 
     
      
  
            ,         
         ,        
          ,        
   
1.   
      :
1.  -  -         
 
 (   )   :
o    (      
 )
o    (      
 )
2.  -  -      
  
    ,     
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3.  -  -         

     
4.   -  -         ,  
  
     
2.   
              
 :
1.  -             
    
2.  -           
      
3.   ( )-         
      
4.  -            
 
          
3.   
         :
1. -      
2. - ,           
3. -         
4.     
                  
 :
        (: )
          (:  
  )
              ,
   -  -    
  
                

23
2
1.   
             
      
    ,  -   
:        ,    -    (
 ) 
  
2.   
               
    
                 
 
:           (  ) 
       ()    ()    
    (   )   ()  
 
3.       
       ,   
         
  

:            ,    
   
          
4.    
       ,          
   ,      ;     ,     
:   
    
  -  
   
 ,
     
  ( )  
 
 ,   - (
)  
5.      - 
     ,            
            
  
 
:     ,   ( )  ()    
     ()  
24
2
6.     
                 
 ,                 ,  
       
:        ,      
     
       

        ,      ,  -  
              
    
              
  
  :
      ( ,  ,  ,  )
           
              
   (, , )     
            
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-
VII.                
       
:         
       ,         
   ()     ( )       
   
1.    ()
 (: )        -    
     ,          
  
          :
1.  :            
             , 
    
2.  :    ,      
  
3.  :           
   
4.  :            
5.  :            
             
  
1.   :         

2.   :           ,  
      
2.    ( )
     ,          
:
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2
1.  -             
2.  -           
3.  -            
  
4.  -             
5.   ( ))  
      
    
6. -    
       
       
          
     
 
1.   
      ,        
    
           (
2-3°C )   
2.    
   ,   ,       
    
                
      
      ,     
3.   
(i)    (   )
             
   ,          
          
    64-72   
(ii)   
          
               
27
2
  :
o     ,  ,    
o     
o     (-)
o     
 
    
  ?
           
             :
o   ,           
o   ,              
   
           
             

         
            
           
 

         ,       
  
         ,   
                 
       
VIII.          
:       
                     
            
   
       ,         
28
2
        ,      
-
     
     , 
   (  -   )
    (       )   
    
        :
1.  ( )
2.  ( )
3.  (     )
         -        -
  
1.  ( )
                  
           
      
 
   '                
            '   ,  

  
    ,            
    ,           
         
   
  
  
 ,       ,     
2.  ( )
                  
   :
  :        ,  
 
  :  , ,    -    
  
 :    ,        
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  ( ):         
()   
  :               
  
3.  (     )
,           ,        
           :
              
             
       
    
        
          :
1. 
            
 :
   
, ,   
   (  )
      (    - 
)
: 
      
 ,        
     
            
2.     
            :
   ,       ,      
     
  ,              
:   ,    
  
       
    ,       
      
3.  (,      )
         -         :
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 (    )
 (    )
  (     )
:  
      ,         
    ,   
     
4.  ( 
-  )
  
              
    
:  
  ,     
  
    
-     
5.     
      ,    '      
         
:       
,       
      
6.    
         '         
         
:  
 '      ,       
   ,   
         
 
7.   
     ,           
 '    (         )
:           
8.   
        
 ,       ,    
    
:   10-15            
  
   
      2     
31
2
  27        
   '  5      
                
  
       '  ,       '  

      
,          
    ,   ,    ,     -
          - ,    - 
              
,            
:            ( )      
         , 
         